Imperial Measurement Chart Many of these measurements were taken from:
Nottingham.ac.uk
with others added. Distance/length 3 barleycorns =1 inch (in or ") 4 inches = 1 hand 12 inches = 1 foot (ft or ') 3 feet =1 yard (yd) 5½ yards =1 perch, pole or rod 40 poles =1 furlong 8 furlongs =1 mile 3 miles = 1 league 1 link = 7.92 inches 25 links = 1 rod (pole or perch) or 16½ ft 100 links (4 poles, 22 yards or 66 feet) = 1 chain 10 chains =1 furlong 80 chains =1 mile 1 link = 7.92 inches 25 links = 1 rod (pole or perch) or 16½ ft 100 links = 1 chain or 66 feet/22 yards 10 chains = 1 furlong ('furrowlong') or 220yds 80 chains = 1 mile or 5,280ft/1,760yds 10 square chains = 1 acre Area acre The area that could be ploughed by a team of eight oxen in one day 1 hide The area deemed to be able to support a typical peasant family, ploughed in a year by a team of eight oxen. Nominally 120 acres, although the actual area varied. Also called (among other names) a carucate or a ploughland A hide was made up of 8 oxgangs or bovates, or 4 virgates 144 square inches= 1 square foot 9 square feet =1 square yard 1 perch = 1rod x 1rod (5½ yds x 5½ yds) 30¼ square yards = 1 perch 40 perches =1 rood 4 roods =1 acre 640 acres =1 square mile 40 x 4 perches = 1 acre 55 x 88 yds = 1 acre = 4840 sq yds 5.5yds x 5.5yds = 1 perch (30¼ sq yds) Volumes or Capacity Liquids up to 1 pint 20 minims =1 fluid scruple 3 fluid scruples = 1 fluid drachm 8 fluid drachms = 1 fluid ounce (fl. oz.) 5 fluid ounces =1 gill 4 gills (20 fluid ounces)= 1 pint Dry goods and liquids up to 1 gallon 4 gills = 1 pint 2 pints = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon Dry Goods measurements Standard measurements: 2 gallons = 1 peck 4 pecks = 1 bushel 2 bushels = 1 strike or raser 8 bushels = 1 quarter 5 quarters (40 bushels) = 1 load or wey 2 weys (80 bushels) = 1 last Some commodities, such as coal, were sold as 'heaped' measures. They used the following additional measurements: 3 bushels = 1 sack or bag 12 sacks (36 bushels) = 1 chaldron Ale, Beer and Porter measurements (1688-1803) 8½ gallons =1 firkin 2 firkins =1 kilderkin 2 kilderkins = 1 barrel 1½ barrels (51 gallons) = 1 hogshead 2 barrels (68 gallons) =1 puncheon 2 hogsheads (102 gallons) = 1 butt 3 puncheons (204 gallons) = 1 tun 2 buts = 1 tun Ale, Beer and Porter measurements (after 1803) 4½ gallons= 1 pin 2 pins =1 firkin 2 firkins = 1 kilderkin 2 kilderkins = 1 barrel 1½ barrels (54 gallons) = 1 hogshead 2 barrels (72 gallons) =1 puncheon 2 hogsheads (108 gallons) = 1 butt 3 puncheons (216 gallons) = 1 tun Wine, Spirits, Cider, Vinegar, Oil and Honey measurements 18 gallons =1 rundlet 31½ gallons = 1 barrel 42 gallons =1 tierce 2 barrels (63 gallons) =1 hogshead 2 tierces (84 gallons) =1 puncheon 2 hogsheads or 3 tierces (126 gallons) =1 pipe or butt 2 pipes or 3 puncheons (252 gallons) = 1 tun Measurements after 1824: 15 Imperial gallons = 1 rundlet 26¼ Imperial gallons = 1 barrel 35 Imperial gallons = 1 tierce 3½ rundlets or 2 barrels (52½ gallons) =1 hogshead 2 tierces (70 gallons)= 1 puncheon 2 hogsheads or 3 tierces (105 gallons) =1 pipe or butt 2 pipes (210 gallons) = 1 tun However, note that different measurements were used for imported wine and spirits from other parts of the world. Just a few are given below: 1 pipe of Madeira = 92 gallons 1 pipe of Sherry = 108 gallons 1 pipe of Port= 115 gallons 1 hogshead of Hock, Rhine and Moselle = 30 gallons 1 hogshead of Claret = 46 gallons 1 hogshead of Brandy = 57 gallons Weights 16 drams = 1 ounce 16 ounces = 1 pound 7 pounds = 1 clove 14 pounds = 1 stone 28 pounds = 1 tod 112 pounds = 1 hundredweight 364 pounds = 1 sack 2240 pounds = 1 ton 2 stones = 1 quarter 4 quarters = 1 hundredweight 20 hundredweight = 1 ton Glossary acre Imperial unit of area, containing 4 roods apothecaries' weight Imperial system of measurement of weight in which 12 ounces made up a pound avoirdupois Imperial system of measurement of weight in which 16 ounces made up a pound barrel Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid, containing various quantities depending on the type of commodity bob Colloquial term for a shilling coin bovate Alternative word for oxgang - 1/8 of a hide bushel Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure dry goods, containing 4 pecks butt Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure wine, containing 7 rundlets or 2 hogsheads chain Imperial unit of distance, containing 22 yards chaldron Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure dry goods, containing 12 sacks. Also spelt 'chauldron' crown Currency measure, worth 5 shillings decimal System of measurement based on powers of 10 decimalisation Process of transferring from old British money (pounds, shillings and pence) to new decimal currency dram/drachm The smallest unit in the Avoirdupois system of measurement of weight (16 drams to the ounce), and also a unit in the Apothecaries' weight (8 drams to the ounce) farthing Smallest currency measure. 4 farthings made 1 penny firkin Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid, containing various quantities depending on the type of commodity florin Colloquial term for a two shilling coin fluid drachm Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid, containing 60 minims fluid ounce Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid, containing 8 fluid drachms foot Imperial unit of distance, containing 12 inches furlong Imperial unit of distance, containing 10 chains (40 poles) gallon Imperial unit of volume or capacity, containing 4 quarts. Various different gallon measurements were replaced in 1824 by the standard Imperial gallon gill Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid, containing 5 fluid ounces grain The smallest unit of Troy weight (24 grains to the pennyweight) and Apothecaries' weight (20 grains to the scruple) groat Coin worth 4 pence guinea Currency measure, worth 1 pound and 1 shilling hide Imprecise unit of area, supposed to be the area which could be ploughed in a year by a team of eight oxen, enough to support a peasant family hogshead Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid, containing various quantities depending on the type of commodity hundredweight Imperial unit of weight, containing 4 quarters. Imperial Traditional system of measurement used in Great Britain and its colonies Imperial gallon Standard unit of volume or capacity introduced in 1824, containing 4 quarts inch Imperial unit of distance (12 inches to the foot) kilderkin Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure beer. 2 kilderkins made 1 barrel league Imperial unit of distance, containing 3 miles load Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure dry goods, containing four quarters mark Currency measure, worth 13 shillings and 4 pence metric System of measurement originally developed by the French in the late eighteenth century, based on rational division of weights and measurements into tens, hundreds and thousands mile Imperial unit of distance, containing 8 furlongs, and further subdivided into chains, perches, yards, feet and inches minim The smallest unit of measurement in Imperial volume or capacity. 60 minims made 1 fluid drachm ounce Imperial unit of weight, containing 16 drams (Avoirdupois), 20 pennyweights (Troy), or 8 drams (Apothecaries' weight) oxgang Alternative word for bovate - 1/8 of a hide peck Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure dry goods, containing 2 gallons pence Plural terms for penny, meaning the same as 'pennies' penny Currency measure, divided into halfpennies and farthings. 12 pennies made 1 shilling pennyweight Imperial unit of Troy weight, containing 24 grains perch Imperial unit of area (40 perches to 1 rood) Also an Imperial unit of distance, containing 5½ yards (preferred term is pole) pin Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure beer, containing 4½ gallons pint Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid or dry goods. In liquid measurements, containing 4 gills pole Imperial unit of distance, containing 5½ yards pound Imperial unit of weight (lb), containing 16 ounces (Avoirdupois), or 12 ounces (Troy and Apothecaries' weight) Also the standard currency measure (£), divided into shillings and pence puncheon Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid, containing various quantities depending on the type of commodity quart Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure liquid or dry goods, containing 2 pints quarter Imperial unit of weight, containing 2 stones Also, Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure dry goods, containing 8 bushels rod Imperial unit of distance, containing 5½ yard (preferred term is pole) rood Imperial unit of area, containing 40 perches rundlet Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure wine, containing 15 gallons sack Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure dry goods, containing 15 gallons scruple Imperial unit of Apothecaries' weight, containing 20 grains shilling Currency measure, divided into 12 pence sovereign Currency measure, worth 1 pound stone Imperial unit of weight, containing 14 pounds. tanner Colloquial term for a sixpence coin tierce Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure wine. 2 tierces made 1 firkin ton The biggest unit of measurement in Imperial weight, containing 20 hundredwright. troy Imperial system of measurement of weight in which 12 ounces made up a pound tun The biggest unit of measurement in Imperial volume or capacity, used to measure liquid. Divided into firkins, puncheons or butts depending on the type of commodity Winchester Measure Imperial unit of volume or capacity used to measure dry goods, abolished and replaced in 1824 by the Imperial gallon yard Imperial unit of distance, containing 3 feet
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